Auroch Prehistoric Mammal Facts and Figures

Auroch Prehistoric Mammal Facts and Figures Name: Auroch (German for unique bull); articulated OR-ock Natural surroundings: Fields of Eurasia and northern Africa Chronicled Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-500 years prior) Size and Weight: Around six feet high and one ton Diet: Grass Recognizing Characteristics: Enormous size; unmistakable horns; bigger guys than females About the Auroch Now and then it appears that each contemporary creature had a larger measured megafauna predecessor during the Pleistocene age. A genuine model is the Auroch, which was practically indistinguishable from present day bulls except for its size: this dino-dairy animals weighed about a ton, and one envisions that the guys of the species were altogether more forceful than current bulls. (In fact, the Auroch is named Bos primigenius, putting it under indistinguishable sort umbrella from current dairy cattle, to which its straightforwardly familial.) The Auroch is one of only a handful hardly any ancient creatures to be celebrated in old cavern artistic creations, remembering a renowned drawing from Lascaux for France dating to around 17,000 years back. As you would expect, this powerful brute figured on the supper menu of early people, who had a huge influence in driving the Auroch into annihilation (when they werent training it, in this manner making the line that prompted current cows). Be that as it may, little, lessening populaces of Aurochs endure well into present day times, the last known individual kicking the bucket in 1627. One generally secret reality about the Auroch is that it really involved three separate subspecies. The most celebrated, Bos primigenius, was local to Eurasia, and is the creature portrayed in the Lascaux cavern works of art. The Indian Auroch, Bos primigenius namadicus, was trained a couple thousand years back into what are presently known as Zebu steers, and the North African Auroch (Bos primigenius africanus) is the most dark of the three, likely slipped from a populace local to the Middle East. One authentic portrayal of the Auroch was composed by, surprisingly, Julius Caesar, in his History of the Gallic War: These are a little underneath the elephant in size, and of the appearance, shading, and state of a bull. Their quality and speed are remarkable; they save neither man nor wild mammoth which they have espied. These the Germans take with much torments in pits and murder them. The youngsters solidify themselves with this activity and practice themselves in such a chasing, and the individuals who have killed the best number of them, having created the horns openly, to fill in as proof, get incredible acclaim. Thinking back to the 1920s, a couple of German zoo executives brought forth a plan to revive the Auroch by means of the particular reproducing of present day cows (which share essentially a similar hereditary material as Bos primigenius, though with some significant qualities stifled). The outcome was a type of larger than usual bulls known as Heck steers, which, if not in fact Aurochs, at any rate give some insight to what these old brutes more likely than not resembled. In any case, seeks after the revival of the Auroch persevere, by means of a proposed procedure called de-annihilation.

Marketing Business Marketing and Communication

Question: You are required to make the accompanying money related evaluation for Portland Fit. Value Build Spending plan/professional forma RO1/recompense Customer Lifetime Value Create another Financial roads for the association and a Work Based Structure WBS. Answer: Money related Assessment of Portland Fit Portland Fit behaviors preparing programs for sprinters just as walkers everything being equal. It mostly targets finishing occasions like Portland Marathon. Value Build Portland Fit renders corporate wellness benefits in correlation with other very good quality wellness habitats for the equivalent. Estimating Month to month Yearly $100 $150 From the above table, it is straightforward that Portland Fit charges $100 for the enrollment reason in the wellness community. For lifetime enrollment of Portland Fit, they charges $150 from the sprinters on yearly premise. Value Build Unit Sales Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Standard Monthly Membership Fees 23540 54800 65760 Premium Monthly Membership Fees 34540 24560 65870 Enlistment Fees 23650 45370 25470 Different Revenues 34250 65730 23260 Complete Unit Sales 115980 190460 180360 Unit Prices Standard Monthly Membership Fees $2,340 $32,160 $54,600 Premium Monthly Membership Fees $65,760 $87,960 $97,650 Enlistment Fees $1,230 $3,460 $2,360 Different Revenues $54,600 $32,400 $56,570 $123,930 $155,980 $211,180 Deals Standard Monthly Membership Fees $3,426 $5,460 $2,315 Premium Monthly Membership Fees $3,567 $2,165 $5,674 Enlistment Fees 34250 65730 23260 Different Revenues 34540 24560 65870 Complete Sales $75,783 $97,915 $97,119 Direct Cost of Sales Standard Monthly Membership Fees 34250 65730 23260 Premium Monthly Membership Fees $1,230 $3,460 $2,360 Enlistment Fees $2,340 $32,160 $54,600 Different Revenues 34250 65730 23260 Direct Cost of Sales $72,070 $167,080 $103,480 Costs are significantly affected by the nature of hardware just as administrations for the equivalent (Winer Dhar, 2011). They select general health programs for the sprinters notwithstanding wellness offices in a general way. Estimating manufacture procedure of Portland Fit relies completely on the impression of the sprinters in a general way. Financial plan Promoting Expense Budget Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Promoting $34,500 $23,560 $54,600 Deals Promotions $23,650 $65,790 $76,540 Promoting Training $12,430 $23,650 $35,630 Quality Assurance $34,650 $65,780 $21,540 Referral Program $23,650 $65,790 $76,540 Corporate Promotion $34,500 $23,560 $54,600 Advertising $34,650 $65,780 $21,540 Site and Facebook $12,430 $23,650 $35,630 All out Sales and Marketing Expenses $210,460 $357,560 $376,620 Key Marketing Metrics Key Marketing Metrics Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Income $3,426,500 $6,543,290 $8,754,000 Leads 23430 43500 45000 Leads changed over 15% 12% 20% Referrals 91 45 89 PR Mentions 34 36 67 Tributes 21 56 98 Yearly Customer Attrition 15% 22% 32% Quantifiable profit Portland Fit assesses proficiency of a speculation for contrasting different ventures. Degree of profitability is the estimating factors for relative speculation costs in a general way. Quantifiable profit: =Gain from speculation cost of venture/cost of speculation = $235-$125/$125 = $110/$125 = 0.88 Restitution Period Restitution time of Portland fit guarantees the time span for recouping the expense of a speculation. Determinant guarantees undertaking position for longer recompense period and alluring for the different venture positions for the equivalent. Recompense Period = Cost of Project/Annual Cash Inflows = $100000/$25000 = 4 years Customer Lifetime Value Customer Lifetime esteem is one of the significant measurements embraced by Portland Fit. It primarily helps in: Understanding the created quantifiable profit on client obtaining It principally centers around the promoting channels for enhancement of lifetime esteem for the gross benefits. It for the most part goes after for expanding client lifetime esteem for cost in client securing in a general way. Guaranteeing maintenance advertising methodology It targets promoting effort and moment income for the focused on sprinters of Portland Fit. Making of powerful informing, sustaining just as focusing on It essentially helps in division for client base in progress in the customized informing framework. Improvement in the social triggers It primarily finds the conduct triggers for best sprinters in the Portland Fit. Improving yield from the client care territory It primarily centers around giving unique consideration for the important clients of Portland Fit. Work Based Structure Work-Based Project Start Date End Date Financial plan Implemmented By Division Promoting 21st January 2016 31st March 2016 $2,300 Picture taker Showcasing Photograph Sessions 22nd January 2016 fifteenth April 2016 $4,500 Promotion firm Showcasing Make new print promotions twelfth February 21st May 2016 $320 Promotion firm Showcasing make new radio games 21st January 2016 fifteenth April 2016 $230 Promotion firm Showcasing make new vide promotions 22nd January 2016 31st March 2016 $210 Promotion firm Showcasing Dispatch and crusade 21st January 2016 21st May 2016 $520 Promotion firm Showcasing All out Advertising Budget $8,080 PR Make official statement center around new activity 21st january 2016 31st March 2016 $230 PR Agent Advertising Send public statement twelfth February fifteenth April 2016 $540 PR Agent Advertising Follow up approaches public statement 21st january 2016 31st March 2016 $540 PR Agent Showcasing Absolute PR Budget $1,310 Direct Marketing 21st January 2016 31st March 2016 $4,340 Showcasing Assistant Showcasing Make email impact about new referral program 22nd January 2016 fifteenth April 2016 $5,480 Advertising Assistant Advertising Send email impact twelfth February 21st May 2016 $2,380 Advertising Assistant Advertising Make corporate contribution mailing and target list 21st January 2016 fifteenth April 2016 $3,260 Advertising Assistant Advertising Send corporate contribution mailing 22nd January 2016 31st March 2016 $2,370 Advertising Assistant Advertising Complete Direct Marketing Budget $17,830 Web Development twelfth February 21st May 2016 $54,600 Web Firm Advertising Modify Website 21st January 2016 fifteenth April 2016 $34,700 Web Firm Advertising Make new Facebook application 22nd January 2016 31st March 2016 $23,760 Web Firm Advertising Dispatch Facebook application 21st January 2016 21st May 2016 $54,300 Web Firm Advertising Complete web advancement financial plan $167,360 Advertising Faithfulness and Referral Programs Make new referral structures 21st January 2016 21st May 2016 $32,500 Promoting Assistant Promoting Staff preparing on dependability and referral programs 22nd January 2016 fifteenth April 2016 $34,650 Activity Manager Promoting dispatch New projects twelfth February 31st March 2016 $21,300 Promoting Director Promoting All out Loyalty and Referral Programs $88,450 Sums $283,030 Figure: Work Based Structure of Portland Fit (Source: Blythe, 2012) Work-based structure assists Portland With fitting for characterizing the tasks in an exact way. It characterizes the various leveled structure for smooth working of Portland Fit. It chiefly guarantees observing of the undertaking just as distribution of related assets for the equivalent. This specific organization targets assessing the cost assessment and hazard designation methodology in the most fitting manner. It for the most part checks determined expectations for the partners of the business association. It primarily underpins execution just as observing procedure for the sprinters. Venture Name Week after week Timeline Week 1 - 2 Week 3 - 4 Week 4 - 7 Week 8 - 10 Week 9 - 10 Notes: Preparation of the venture Item innovative work Statistical surveying Advancement and promotion Observing and estimation Criticism of the clients

John Hughes Reaching New Levels of Achievement in Hollywood Free Essays

John Hughes: Reaching New Levels of Achievement in Hollywood David Bordwell (2006) solidly accepts that when confronted with the test of making, individuals ask themselves how they can raise the premises higher than ever of accomplishment, or restore an unsavory type. He contends that individuals challenge themselves with the inquiry ‘How would i be able to make easygoing associations progressively well suited, winds increasingly unforeseen, character brain science all the more including, energy progressively extreme, themes all the more firmly woven? How might I show my own virtuosity? Following this statement and my own exploration, I’ve come to accept that John Hughes is a noteworthy case of a producer to arrive at an unheard of level of accomplishment in Hollywood. As the executive and essayist of a few notable high schooler films, for example, Sixteen Candles (1984), The Breakfast Club (1985), and Ferris Bueller’s Day Off (1986), from the mid-1980s Hughes has been regarded as one of the more persuasive figures of Hollywood for rethinking and leaving a dependable impact on motion pictures with a teenager segment. We will compose a custom article test on John Hughes: Reaching New Levels of Achievement in Hollywood or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Through profoundly concentrating on new subjects and themes, for example, social pecking order, he unquestionably changed the high schooler film type everlastingly by making compassion and comprehension for juvenile characters. During the 1980s, teenager’s mentalities were changing, and numerous scholars accept music TV was at fault. Shary (2005) states that with superstar appearances, plugs, and a spic and span, quick paced style, MTV became â€Å"the court where youth culture was determined what was cool†. He additionally accepts that the political changes in America likewise intensely affected adolescents points of view, particularly after the â€Å"carefree attitudes† of Carter’s administration transformed into the â€Å"peremptory directs of Regan’s decade†. He expresses that: â€Å"The new Republican ethos may have prevailed upon voters, and yet its gullible ‘just state no’ way to deal with genuine pre-adult decisions gave youth a restored feeling of disturbance for grown-up power. † To communicate their perspectives on America’s legislative issues, the adolescent got anxious to try different things with sex and medications, and Hollywood felt the impact of the youth’s sway and observed. As of now period, Hollywood was encountering a change of sorts, between what was marked as the Hollywood Renaissance (Schatz,1993), into an increasingly contemporary style of film which scholar Geoff King (2002) named as ‘New Hollywood Version 2’. To comprehend the forward leap of John Hughes’ motion pictures, we should comprehend that before his directorial presentation of Sixteen Candles, movies of the 1980s were not thoughtful to youngsters, and the dominant part f said films came as slasher motion pictures, or sex-comedies, where crowds would watch adolescents be humiliated and harmed in different various structures. In this time of progress, these films would procure in benefits, yet didn't concentrate on character brain research or stress execution the manner in which prior models did. In this change period, Hughes’ oversaw, in some structure, to remain consistent with the prior, character-based movies, yet at the same time figured out how to deliver a fruitful benefit, with no high-scale creation that would transform his movies into the more up to date, blockbuster style pictures. He frequently took a shot at more than one film without a moment's delay, and discharged them near one another, such that gave more cash to the studios, as his notoriety for being an executive turned out to be all the more notable and his motion pictures turned out to be increasingly effective. It’s imperative to note additionally, that his movies were discharged at a time where VCR and home recordings were turning out to be increasingly well known, which implied that youthful grown-ups could watch his movies again and again at home, and make an individual relationship with the characters. As an executive, Hughes knew precisely what he needed; to show young people as significant, clever, and not the sex-crazed and shallow youths that prior motion pictures depicted them to be. Gora (2010) suggests that: â€Å"What would separate Hughes, during a time when different producers rushed to depict adolescents as dull, horny, pimpled exaggerations, was that he was insightful enough to give the high school experience the agony, earnestness, and acting that so regularly instills age. As demonstrated by movies, for example, Losin’ It (1983) and Little Darlings (1980), numerous films in the mid 1980s rotated essentially around â€Å"the mission of adolescents to lose their virginity† (Shary, 2005). In spite of the fact that Hughes has concentrated on the subject of sex, it is only one of various topics and themes in his movies, including the ever-well known thought of social pecking order, or parental weight. Sixteen Candles, bases on the narrative of sixteen-year o ld Sam (depicted by Molly Ringwald), whose birthday is overlooked by her family for her more seasoned sister’s wedding the following day. This film incorporates the main totally bare scene of any of Hughes’ motion pictures, and was just included because of weight from the system, who demanded that it was required so as to rival the other high schooler films available. The scene itself isn't remotely sexual in any case, and exists just to stress Sam’s hesitance, when she and her closest companion spy on the sweetheart of her greatest pulverize while in the shower after rec center. It includes huge numbers of the buzzwords, for example, the virgin esperate to engage in sexual relations, the rich adolescent driving a costly vehicle which will without a doubt be destroyed by one way or another, or a local gathering where the house is obliterated, yet dissimilar to other youngster films, it urges us to giggle with the characters as opposed to at them. To depict the possibility of social chain of importance, where a faction is ‘better’ than another, Hughes’ regularly utilizes a type of what Roz Kaveney (2006) entitles the ‘anthropology shot’. Kaveney states that â€Å"such shots set up various social gatherings among secondary school understudies and dish between them to show social divisions†. This shot can be powerful on the grounds that regardless of the way that we will just truly know a couple of select characters, it can build up the sort of condition they are living in. A case of said shot is utilized in Sixteen Candles, presenting the ‘geeks’ at the party. Despite the fact that Hughes’ didn't design the shot, numerous movies have replicated the manner in which he utilized it, for example, Mean Girls (2004), where the character Janice acquaints Cady with the social coteries in the cafeteria. Just as the human studies shot, Hughes’ additionally utilized some low-edge shots in his movies to hint the feeling of deficiency young people feel when taking a gander at the world. This is likewise utilized frequently when the characters converse with grown-ups, and is particularly unmistakable in The Breakfast Club when the characters converse with the head. This shows the control Principal Vernon has over the children, and authorizes the conviction that since they are youthful, they aren’t as ground-breaking. Hughes,’ as an executive, paid a lot of thoughtfulness regarding setting social foundation in his movies. The opening of The Breakfast Club, the narrative of five teenagers of various inner circles who must spend their Saturday in confinement, utilizes single shots to give us a vibe for each character. Claire, for instance, the regular rich and mainstream ‘princess’ is presented with the shot of a prom sovereign banner, despite the fact that we haven’t formally met her character yet. So also, John Bender, the ‘criminal’ issue kid, is presented utilizing an injection of a vandalized storage with a noose joined. The film authoritatively opens with a glass-breaking change to an early on shot of the secondary school, which could be perused as hinting; in the long run, the character’s resistances are separated, and they open up to one another to become companions. The composition of Hughes’ films pointed out a lot of themes that hadn’t been given a lot of consideration previously, for example, the possibility of the kid acting like the parent. A prime case of this is Sixteen Candles, where Sam’s mother apologizes to her for missing her birthday. In this scene, Sam, the young person, is the one to comfort her passionate mother, and state â€Å"It’s alright, these things happen†. Topics likewise investigated were the thoughts parental weight, for example, The Breakfast Club, where nerdy Brian considered self destruction since he dreaded his folks would be frustrated in him for bombing his top notch, or the topic of cash and social classes, which Hughes’ tended to by matching Claire and Bender together; the rich young lady with the poor kid. He additionally carries another light to female sexuality, which the character of Alison addresses straightforwardly; â€Å"If you state you haven’t you’re a wet blanket. Also, on the off chance that you state you have, you’re a skank. It’s a snare. Seeing such contacting scenes on screen engages adolescents, and enables the crowd to feel for their encounters. Said subjects have since been tended to in numerous high schooler motion pictures to this date, for example, Clueless (1995) or Easy A (2010). The effect that John Hughes has left on Hollywood is undoubtable and everlasting. Notwit hstanding the way that it has been more than a quarter century since The Breakfast Club was discharged, for instance, incalculable references are as yet made to the film in today’s mainstream society, remembering reverences for NBC’s clique TV show ‘Community’ and a notice in CW’s ‘Gossip Girl’ (â€Å"we’re the non-making a decision about Breakfast Club†). Matt Groening, maker of The Simpsons and Futurama, is likewise a gigantic fanatic of the film. Bart Simpson’s well known catchphrase ‘eat my shorts’ is an immediate reference to John Bender’s line, which he says insubordinately to Principal Vernon. Judd Nelson’s depiction of the character was likewise t

History and Identity in So Far From God and The Autobiography of My Mother - Literature Essay Samples

The characters in Ana Castillo’s So Far From God and Jamaica Kincaid’s The Autobiography of My Mother each straddle a line between two worlds representing old and new, the conqueror and the defeated. Kincaid’s narrator, Xuela Claudette Richardson, is a product of colonialism in the Caribbean: a mixture of European, African, and Carib. Meanwhile, the people represented in Castillo’s novel are Chicano, Mexican, and Spanish living on the border of the United States and Mexico. In many ways, Kincaid and Castillo’s characters are defined by their ancestry and the histories of their families. This definition, or the forging of identity based on history and legacy, is expressed as problematic in both novels due to the natures of colonization and defeat: the ancestral lands of the people of Tome, New Mexico are bought by white newcomers and the Carib people, who Xuela identifies her mother and, therefore, herself with, are now extinct. Consequently, the cha racters in both So Far From God and The Autobiography of My Mother are creating identities based on a shadow world, a world that exists through the idea of ancestry but, at the same time, is unable to survive because of the oppressive events of history. In their novels, Castillo and Kincaid write of the struggle of forging an identity against, or in spite of, history—in other words, the struggle to find a unique and empowering identity rather than accepting the invisible and non-existent identity that history has determined.Both novels present characters who struggle with the fact that their identities (the ones based on history and ancestry) are either fading away or completely non-existent. In So Far From God, characters such as Sofia and her unnamed friend, known as â€Å"la comadre†, are faced with the loss of their land and the ability to be self-sufficient (Castillo 138). La comadre states, â€Å"All we have ever known is this life, living off our land, that jus t gets mà  s smaller y smaller. You know that my familia once had three hundred acres to farm and now all I got left of my father’s hard work—and his father’s and his father’s—is casi nada†¦Barely enough for my family to live on† (Castillo 139). Both Sofi and la comadre are fighting against the force of history, or the gradual loss of their ancestral land: although their families have owned that land for generations, â€Å"los gringos† have been slowly taking over leaving the Mexican Americans of Tome with nothing (Castillo 139). Consequently, the people living in the borderland of New Mexico are left with a fractured identity: their ancestral remnants and overall way of life are threatened and taken away from them as they are forced to succumb to financial and historical defeat—who are they if they can no longer identify with the ancestors of their people? Additionally, Xuela from The Autobiography of My Mother is forced to face a world that sees her as non-existent. Through her mother, Xuela comes from the Carib people, a people â€Å"regarded as not real—the shadow people† (Kincaid 31). Xuela states that â€Å"the Carib people had been defeated and then exterminated† (Kincaid 16). Therefore, Xuela does not belong to any existing groups of people (the people of her mother are extinct and she has never belonged to her father); she is very much left without an identity due to the oppressive course of history: â€Å"I was lonely and wished to see people in whose faces I could recognize something of myself. Because who was I? My mother was dead; I had not seen my father for a long time† (Kincaid 16). Although Xuela aches to create an identity through a relation to another individual (or group), she is unable to as the only ancestry she can connect to (her mother’s) is just a shadow. Similarly, the people of Tome who have ancestral claim over the land are slowly becomi ng shadows as their ancestry, culture, and origins are being taken over and changed.While Xuela is largely unable to create a substantial existing identity, some characters from So Far From God are able to forge identities and find empowerment in the process. Although Sofi does create an identity for herself as â€Å"La Mayor of Tome† (a powerful identity that thrives despite the fact that her lands are being sold and the identity of her people is threatened and dwindling), Caridad’s creation of an identity is the most profound in the novel as it works against historical oppression and defeat (Castillo 142). At the time of her death, Caridad (along with Esmeralda) is guided by Tsichtinako, â€Å"the Invisible One†, and most likely becomes something similar to a supernatural mythic being (Castillo 211). The narration states that Caridad and Esmeralda did not go â€Å"out toward the sun’s rays or up to the clouds but down, deep within the soft, moist dark earth where [they] would be safe and live forever† (Castillo 211). Therefore, while the people of Tome are unable to keep their land that is so important to their overall identity, Caridad is able to become a part of the land where she will reside eternally. In this instance, Caridad overcomes both death and defeat; she is able to live on (with a strong identity intact) in the land of â€Å"the oldest city in all of the Americas that has had constant habitation† (Castillo 208). Because she leaves the world of the living in â€Å"the oldest city† and is guided by the force that â€Å"nourished the first two humans†, Caridad becomes one with the origins of her culture and land (Castillo 211). In doing so, she succeeds in creating an identity that is tied to her ancestry and people—this is an identity that the course of history is unable to defeat. Xuela, on the other hand, cannot find an identity because of the course of history; she is unable to find an identity based on ancestral or parental ties. Xuela regards her narration as an â€Å"account of the person who was never allowed to be and an account of the person [she] did not allow [her]self to become† (Kincaid 228). Xuela constantly connects her sense of self to her mother. However, because her mother is of the Carib people, a people that was defeated and exterminated, Xuela does not allow herself to have an identity (as she cannot find anybody to identify with).Just as Caridad finds empowerment in death, Xuela finds substance and meaning in death despite her inability to create an identity while alive. Although Caridad’s death explains and completes the identity that she was trying to create while still alive, Xuela’s death will give her substance for the first time. Xuela states, â€Å"Since I do not matter, I do not long to matter, but I matter anyway. I long to meet the thing greater than I am, the thing to which I can submit†¦Death is the onl y reality, for it is the only certainty, inevitable to all things† (Kincaid 228). Although Xuela does not believe that her life matters (because her mother’s life did not matter), she does believe that her identity matters in death; in other words, only death can give her an identity. This identity, this state of meaning, must submit to death, â€Å"the only reality†Ã¢â‚¬â€it does not, however, have to submit to colonial defeat like the Carib people (as death is â€Å"inevitable to all things†). If Xuela was able to form an identity in life, based on her deceased and unknown Carib mother, she would be creating an identity based on defeat. By refusing to forge that identity, she is establishing some agency in her life despite that fact that she does not know who she is or where she comes from. This sense of agency is reflected in Xuela’s abortions: â€Å"In me are the voices that should have come out of me, the faces I never allowed to form, the ey es I never allowed to see me† (Kincaid 227-8). Through these abortions, Xuela (like Caridad) is ending the historical cycle of defeat, as her children would be part African, Carib, and white European. By preventing life, Xuela is emphasizing her belief that, for â€Å"the shadow people†, meaning and identity can only be found in death.As the rough course of history takes its toll on the cultures and the people represented in So Far From God and The Autobiography of My Mother, identities are made vulnerable and, for some, are impossible to create in the first place. The people of Tome, living on the border of the United States and Mexico, are forced to succumb to history. In the past, the culture had to fight to thrive against Spanish colonization and American defeat. So Far From God more directly discusses the continuance of the culture’s fight to survive in that the people of Tome are forced to sell the land of their fathers’ (and their fathers’ fa thers) to â€Å"gringos† based on financial necessity. Meanwhile, in The Autobiography of My Mother, Xuela connects herself with the Carib people: a group of people defeated by European colonization. Because historical defeat is a common aspect of the two novels, both novels present groups of people who are forced to live in two different worlds at the same time and, consequently, struggle to create and maintain identities.Works CitedCastillo, Ana. So Far from God: A Novel. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993. Print.Kincaid, Jamaica. The Autobiography of My Mother. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1996. Print.

The Major Alliances of World War I

By 1914, Europes six major powers were split into two alliances that would form the warring sides in World War I. Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple Entente, while Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy joined in the Triple Alliance. These alliances werent the sole cause of World War I, as some historians have contended, but they did play an important role in hastening Europes rush to conflict. The Central Powers Following a series of military victories from 1862 to 1871, Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck formed a German state out of several small principalities. After unification, Bismarck feared that neighboring nations, particularly France and Austria-Hungary, might act to destroy Germany. Bismarck wanted a careful series of alliances and foreign policy decisions that would stabilize the balance of power in Europe. Without them, he believed, another continental war was inevitable. The Dual Alliance Bismarck knew an alliance with France wasn’t possible because of lingering French anger over Alsace-Lorraine, a province Germany had seized in 1871 after defeating France in the Franco-Prussian War. Britain, meanwhile, was pursuing a policy of disengagement and was reluctant to form any European alliances. Bismarck turned to Austria-Hungary and Russia. In 1873, the Three Emperors League was created, pledging mutual wartime support among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. Russia withdrew in 1878, and Germany and Austria-Hungary formed the Dual Alliance in 1879. The Dual Alliance promised that the parties would aid each other if Russia attacked them or if Russia assisted another power at war with either nation. The Triple Alliance In 1882, Germany and Austria-Hungary strengthened their bond by forming the Triple Alliance with Italy. All three nations pledged support should any of them be attacked by France. If any member found itself at war with two or more nations at once, the alliance would come to their aid. Italy, the weakest of the three, insisted on a final clause, voiding the deal if the Triple Alliance members were the aggressor. Shortly after, Italy signed a deal with France, pledging support if Germany attacked them. Russian Reinsurance Bismarck was keen to avoid fighting a war on two fronts, which meant making some form of agreement with either France or Russia. Given the sour relations with France, Bismarck signed what he called a reinsurance treaty with Russia, stating that both nations would remain neutral if one was involved in a war with a third party. If that war was with France, Russia had no obligation to aid Germany. However, this treaty lasted only until 1890, when it was allowed to lapse by the government that replaced Bismarck. The Russians had wanted to keep it. This is usually seen as a major error by Bismarcks successors. After Bismarck Once Bismarck was voted out of power, his carefully crafted foreign policy began to crumble. Eager to expand his nations empire, Germanys Kaiser Wilhelm II pursued an aggressive policy of militarization. Alarmed by Germanys naval buildup, Britain, Russia, and France strengthened their own ties. Meanwhile, Germanys new elected leaders proved incompetent at maintaining Bismarcks alliances, and the nation soon found itself surrounded by hostile powers. Russia entered into an agreement with France in 1892, spelled out in the Franco-Russian Military Convention. The terms were loose but tied both nations to supporting each other should they be involved in a war. It was designed to counter the Triple Alliance. Much of the diplomacy Bismarck had considered critical to Germanys survival had been undone in a few years, and the nation once again faced threats on two fronts. The Triple Entente Concerned about the threat rival powers posed to the colonies, Great Britain began searching for alliances of its own. Although Britain had not supported France in the Franco-Prussian War, the two nations pledged military support for one another in the Entente Cordiale of 1904. Three years later, Britain signed a similar agreement with Russia. In 1912, the Anglo-French Naval Convention tied Britain and France even more closely militarily. When Austrias Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated in 1914, the great powers of Europe reacted in a way that led to full-scale war within weeks. The Triple Entente fought the Triple Alliance, although Italy soon switched sides. The war that all parties thought would be finished by Christmas 1914 instead dragged on for four long years, eventually bringing the United States into the conflict. By the time the Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919, officially ending the Great War, more than 11 million soldiers and 7 million civilians were dead.

The Great Depression Was A Climactic Defining Moment In

The Great Depression was a climactic defining moment in the 20 century that crushed the lives of numerous americans in the United States. Its kickoff was Black Thursday, October 24, 1929. That is when merchants sold 12.9 million of dollars of stock in one day. It was triple the standard sum. Throughout the following four days, stock costs fell 23 percent. That is known as money markets crash of 1929. For all the more, optically observe When Did the Depression Begin? In spite of the fact that the U.S. economy had gone into despondency six months prior, the depression might be verbalized to have initiated with a crumple of securities exchange costs on the Beginning York Stock Trade in October 1929. Amid the following three years stock†¦show more content†¦So once the American economy drooped and the stream of American venture credits to Europe went away, flourishing slanted to fall there too. The Depression hit hardest those countries that were most profoundly obliged to the U nited States, i.e., Germany and Awesome England. In Germany, unemployment climbed strongly starting in late 1929, and by mid 1932 it had achieved 6 million specialists, or 25 percent of the work constrain. England was less thoroughly influenced, yet its mechanical and fare divisions remained seriously discouraged until World War II. Numerous different nations had been influenced by the droop by 1931. Practically all countries tried to forfend their household engenderment by forcing duties, raising subsisting ones, and setting quantities on peregrine imports. The impact of these prohibitive measures was to significantly lessen the volume of worldwide exchange: by 1932 the aggregate estimation of world exchange had fallen by more than a moiety as a great many countries took measures against the importation of peregrine products. The Depression had considerable outcomes in the political circle. In the United States, financial pain prompted to the decision of the Democrat Franklin D. Ro osevelt to the administration in late 1932.Show MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesnineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the causes and consequences of the Great War that began in 1914.

Case Study of Amazon In-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Amazon In. Answer: Introduction: The main of this report is to analyze the situation for understanding the key issues. In this report strength and weakness is analyzed by performing SWOT and VIRO analysis. In this, the case the Amazon is selected for performing the analysis. The selected company is the worlds largest online retailer. The success of this company has encouraged others retailers that includes physical, brick and mortar retailers to get in to the online presence (Peppard Ward, 2016). The online retailer Amazon is compared to the Wal-Mart for its large presence in different countries and the aggressive strategy of pricing followed by them. However, the recent development and steep competition requires amazon has to rethink its business model of operating at close to zero margins. In addition to this, the company has not made sufficient profit as a result it is an impediment to the growth of the company Issues The most primary issue relating to the business strategy of Amazon are stated below: Amazon offers free shipping due to which the company is losing its profit margin in products of small amounts. The suggestion and recommendation of the market researchers and analysts have play a significant role in the decrease in profits. The product category range of amazon is very small. Swot Anaysis In the part below the SWOT Analysis regarding the business strategy of amazon has been discussed precisely. The SWOT analysis refer to the STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES and THREATS that a business is exposed to. Every aspects of SWOT analysis is discussed briefly. Strengths: The amazon is the largest online retailer it focuses mainly on the three prolonged strategies that are cost-leadership, differentiation and focus. By following the strategies the company thrives its gains from the course of its action and help its shareholders originates the values of the items from the company (Hill et al., 2014). The company is ahead of its competitors as it is easy to scale up and use the e-Commerce platform. The company is well ahead of its competitors because it mainly derives its competitive advantages from the leveraging IT. The company has superior logistics and distributor systems helps. This is helpful for the company to fulfil the need of the customers. It is one of the main reason for deriving competitive advantage from the competitors. Well established Amazon partner program for affiliates. Weaknesses: Free shipping being the part of amazon offers has risk of making losses and hence might not able to optimize on costs because of its strategy. The company has expanded very rapidly as a result the focus on the core competencies of the company of retailing books online has declined.As this can be a clever strategy from the perceptive of risk diversification (FrynasMellahi, 2015).However, it can be said that asamazon is moving away from its core competence it has to be conscious of preserving its strategic advantage. The main weakness of amazon is its business model of zero margin. This model has resulted in significant decline in the revenue of the company as the huge amount of revenues that has not been translated into profits that the company could utilize. Amazon sales depends upon the product category that varies in between a small range. Several provider for same product can arise aprice battle. Opportunities: As amazon facilitates the payment in online basis in a secured and trusted environment. This helps the business to to scale up by considering the concerns over online shopping as for the customers security and privacy are the primary concern.In addition to this, it also improves the margin of the company because it allows the company to take the advantage of using its own payment gateways (Hubbard et al., 2014). Amazon hasa great facility to capitalize its own manufactured product and by selling them rather than forwarding the sites of the third party product. As amazon increases its portfolios of diversified products than its competitors. This gives the company a position of strength and helps it to earn higher revenues. As amazon opens more sites in the emerging markets all around the globe that would certainly increase competition in the online retailing markets (Jenkins Williamson, 2015). Threats: As identity threats and hacking leads the consumers data exposed so it is a concerns for amazon to maintain its privacy. As its follows aggressive pricing strategies the company faces lawsuit from competitors in the retailing industryandpublishers. The company is focused in cost leaderships and has significantly reduced profit this is upset the competitors (Percy 2016). Thecompany from the local retailers that are more agile and nimble when compared to its strategy faces the significant competitions. VRIO Analysis: The VRIO framework acts a tool that utilize internally by firms that analyzed their resources and capabilities that determine their competitive advantage implications that are temporary competitive advantages ,sustainable advantages, competitive disadvantages or competitive party (Madsen Walker, 2015). There are four components of measures that contributes to the analysis are. Values, rare, imitability, exploitations. Values are generally defined as the resources or the capability valuable in enabling the firms ability to leverage opportunity that can be defend against threats. Rare shows that how easily acquired and readily available is the resources and capabilities to the industry and other firms. Imitability refers to the substitution that could be easily replaceable for the resources or capability. Exploitation refers as firms that are properly utilize the resources or the capability to its most ideal state or maximize its potential or optimizes its potential. Competitive disadvantages: The Amazons does not fails in its business as shown by VRIO shows. Most of their resources and different goods and products that were launched fetched them with profits and successes. Few items failed for amazon was Fire Smartphone. However, amazons generally astonished its customers with its innovations and creativity. As the failure will be labeled as competitive disadvantages for the business due to waste of money, efforts to produce an effective items that could not be valuable, rare or imitable. Competitive party: The Competitive party defines as the items that are valuable but are not rare and can be easily substituted with other goods. Amazon underestimate these items but these items itself generates revenues streams. No revenue is not acceptable compared to without revenues as in the long term it is not justifiable (Shin et al., 2014). As many retailers uses common features that amazon uses like Amazon Supply. The Amazons New York better than no revenues, even to the long term it is maintainable, video on demand, Brilliance Audio, European Warehouse etc. though these features are initiated by other competitors but if amazon were to suddenly loose these competencies then in term of short term, the business would have suffered significantly. Temporary advantage: The early acceptance and achievements of the retailers has been the crucial strength for Amazon. Moreover, into the Amazons present business model, this would quickly be incorporated. These possessions and competencies can be regarded as advantages of temporary nature as it continues to flourish as mainstream. It is only a matter of time previously follows suit. Partnerships with the giants industry like Sotheybys grow their business through amazon that definitely has competitive advantage over its market benefits. Items such as instant video, x-ray for the purpose of movies, its various acquirements of small retailers integrates with the large retailers through amazon, and it has advantages over it. Sustainable advantage: It is their innovation and those items that lead industry from where the most competitive advantages of Amazon Inc. comes from. Financial Analysis: Amazon Inc. is one of the leading online retailers in the US market. Since the last 10 years it can be observed from the past statistics and financial performances that the company has grown immensely (Parnell, 2013). The company has not only diversified its marketing strategies but also expanded its customer base through introduction of a huge variety of range of various categories of product. From the statement of financial analysis it can be observed that the total revenue have increased over the year. In 2006, the total revenue was $10,711 Million that increased to $107,006 Million in 2015. This also resulted in the significant increasing gross profits during the period. Gross profit for the year 2015 stands at $35,355 Million. Moreover it was also observed that the total equity have also increased over the years for the company. Referring to the stock price chart of Amazon Inc. it can be observed that since its inception, the stock price of the company has increased significantly over the year till 2015. But unfortunately in the year 2016 there is a clear sign of declination in the price of stocks. This is a crucial factor to be considered while assessing the financial health of the company and must be rectified immediately. Conclusion: From the above case study of Amazon Inc., it can be concluded that it is one of the leading online retailer not only in the US market but also internationally. The major strengths of Amazon being its three pronged strategic thrust. Moreover, through its huge range of product categories and consumer friendly policies it was able to attract a large pool of customers and grew up quite significantly over the year. From the financial statement it was observed that until 2015 the company was able to make substantial profit and it share price were also on a increasing trend. However, since the year 2016 there seems to be some serious issue in the internal management of the company that had a bad impact over its share price. Since 2016, the stock price of Amazon tends to decline which is needed to be investigated and corrective actions are required to be taken with immediate effect. References Frynas, J. G., Mellahi, K. (2015).Global strategic management. Oxford University Press, USA. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hubbard, G., Rice, J., Galvin, P. (2014).Strategic management. Pearson Australia. Jenkins, W., Williamson, D. (2015).Strategic management and business analysis. Routledge. Kaynak, E., Mockler, R., Dologite, D. G. (2014).Multinational strategic management: an integrative entrepreneurial context-specific process. Routledge. Madsen, T. L., Walker, G. (2015).Modern competitive strategy. McGraw Hill. Parnell, J. A. (2013).Strategic management. Sage. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016).The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Percy, L. (2016).Strategic advertising management. Oxford University Press. Shin, J., Jo, M., Lee, J., Lee, D. (2014). Strategic management of cloud computing services: Focusing on consumer adoption behavior.IEEE transactions on engineering management,61(3), 419-427.

Villain, Where Art Thou Essays - Characters In Romeo And Juliet

Villain, Where art thou? Ladies and Gentleman of the jury there is not a villain in the play, "Romeo and Juliet." As Northrop Frye states in his review, ". . . in this play there doesn't seem to be the clearly marked villain that we find in so many tragedies." (Frye 28) This paper presents the facts that prove beyond a shadow of a doubt that Frye's assertion is correct because the definition of a villain is a wicked or vile person. Mercutio, the nurse, Tybalt, and Romeo like a red herring seem like villains and could trick careless readers into believing that they are villains. Mercutio's wit overshadows his violent side. "O calm, dishonorable, vile submission! Alla stoca carries it away. Tybalt, you ratcatcher, will you walk?" (Shakespeare Act 3. Sc. 1. Ln. 74-76) This quote shows that Mercutio becomes so disgusted with Romeo that he challenges Tybalt in a duel. A villain acts with wickedness, Mercutio however, acts with honor because he would rather die then disgrace the Montague name. The nurse, can be thought of as Juliet's evil conscious tempting her as can be seen in this quote. The nurse says, ". . . I think it best you married with the County. O, he's a lovely gentleman! Romeo's a dishclout to him." (Shakespeare Act 3 sc. 5. Ln. 230-232) This quote shows the immorality and bad judgement the nurse uses to tell Juliet to forget her present husband and get married again. One has to remember though, that the nurse is of a lower social class and she thinks she has Juliet best Sayer 2 interest in mind. Therefore, Mercutio and the nurse are not villains and the examination moves to Tybalt. Tybalt while having problems is a genuinely good man. Tybalt writes a letter to Romeo challenging him in a fight, because Romeo came uninvited to the Capulet party. This action shows Tybalt's hatred for all Montagues. The fact that he thinks Romeo should die for crashing a party is extreme. Tybalt should have listened to his uncle and forgotten about the party altogether, however, he grew up probably seeing events like this happening so responds in kind. "What, drawn and talk of peace? I hate the word As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. Have at thee, coward!" (Shakespeare Act 1 sc.1. Ln. 71-73) Tybalt is a hardened warrior and what he does best is fight. This is not villainous, since he grew up fighting, and he does it for honor. The final analysis has to be of Romeo as he kills two people and then takes his own life. Is the hero also a villain; no. Romeo kills Tybalt. Romeo is so filled with rage because of Mercutio's death that he does anything to kill Tybalt. One has to point out though that it is Tybalt who finds Romeo and starts fighting again. Romeo also kills Paris. Yes, this a violent crime but in no way is it pre meditated or even wanted. Romeo is seeking his "dead" wife Juliet at the tomb, when Paris appears. Romeo also gives Paris a warning and tells him to leave. Examination is complete. There is nothing left to do but rest the case because it has been proven that there is no villain in this play. Even though Mercutio, the nurse, Tybalt, and Romeo might seem like villains they are not. Some might say the feud is the villain and this is almost true because it lives off death and hurts everything and everyone. The only problem is that the feud is not a person. The Montagues and Capulets can end the feud any time they are willing to put there differences aside.

Example of Formal Letter †English (100 Level Course)

Example of Formal Letter – English (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Example of Formal Letter English (100 Level Course) Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing with regard to your invitation for the readers of your magazine to write to you giving views about how governments and individuals could cooperate to protect the global environment which remains as one of the main problems of our planet’s longevity. In my opinion, we should oblige our respective governments to draw their attention a bit more to search, but in cooperation, not like in the UNO where powerful countries still impose their preferences not looking for an equilibrated world but for one where they keep on controlling the rest, for solutions to maintain our natural resources for as long as possible. As individuals it is our duty to do so. And it is governments’ obligation to donate a 0.7% of their GDP (Gross Domestic Product), an international regulation which serves for nothing else but as a demonstration of powerful countries’ ability and possibilities of breaking others’ rules. If at least this law was obeyed, third-world governments would be able to face up to the illegal smugglers who are destroying their national natural resources to profit nobody but themselves and this is something all of us are going to pay sooner or later. As inhabitants of this planet, the â€Å"blue planet† as it is known, and consumers of its resources we should set ourselves in a more far-sighted position to avoid finding ourselves later in a world where the only thing we can do is just sit back and watch time go as a consequence of our previous silliness. Maybe in a national ambit the government should begin spending some of our taxes in campaigns to raise the conscience of people but then do not being hypocritical and apply themselves to the international legislation. I firmly hope that this letter helps readers to begin at least to think about the issue and then, if possible, making the government see a face of the State’s duty that we usually hide in the shade. Yours faithfully Student Name Research Papers on Example of Formal Letter - English (100 Level Course)Comparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoDefinition of Export QuotasAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationStandardized TestingQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Artemisinins - an important class of antimalarial drug Essay

Artemisinins - an important class of antimalarial drug - Essay Example In order to check the statistical significance of the observations, Mutations were introduced in various mammalian and Plasmodium isolates. ATPase assay was performed to determine Ki values of each drug on the mutant as compared to its wild-type SERCA. The introduction of Leucine at position 263 in place of Alanine in the Plasmodium vivax search resulted in a 3 fold increase (Ki=63nM+/-12) as compared to wild-type PfATP6 (Ki=169+/-31) in the sensitivity of Artemisinin. Whereas the introduction of leucine at position 263 in the place of serine in P.berghei decreases the sensitivity by 3-fold (Ki= 530nm+/-84). IC50 values showed P.vivax (IC50-1.3nM)is more susceptible to artesunate than P.falciparum(IC50-4.2nM).Artemisone a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin is more potent against PvSERCA (

Importance of Managers for the Success of an Organization Assignment

Importance of Managers for the Success of an Organization - Assignment Example The operations of various departments become smooth, fast and efficient. The managerial configuration is a road map for managers while conducting promotions inside the organisation. Managers can make available solid progression tracks for employees and all their workers at entry level. Organisational structure cultivates joint efforts. If all employees work in their departments with the aim of accomplishing their targets as predetermined by the organisational arrangement, the company will easily reach its business aspirations (Drucker & Maciariello, 2008). Leaders of the diverse departments are accountable for handing over projects and tasks to all subordinate staff members. These departments are then able to meet the time limits of their assignments. Through the help of a managerial structure, managers can assess the performance of their human resources. Supervisors are able to see the tasks accomplished by their juniors by utilizing the linear arrangement. They can review the skills and potential of their assistants, how they communicate with their fellow staff and the time they take to complete responsibilities. Using this understanding, the supervisors can go on to carry out semi-annual and annual performance evaluations of the employees. For most organisations like sales and promotion companies, organisational arrangement is useful in running changes in the market (Drucker & Maciariello, 2008). Managers are in a point to meet, identify the origins of problems and build solutions as a team.

Essay On Community Service Essay Example for Free

Essay On Community Service Essay Community service can be a chore for some and a delight for others. It can be tedium for one or a chance to help others from the bottom of his or her heart for another. Many believe that putting community service in the curriculum in the form of Values-in-Action (ViA) hours was something of a joke, something to guffaw at or simply something atrocious. I agree wholeheartedly with such people. Community service should be totally voluntary and not part of the school curriculum. By doing so, we are able to better evaluate a one’s character, able to work with people who truly wish to help others and increase the amount of help given. For a start, by eliminating community service from the school curriculum, we can better judge someone’s character. The problem with community service as part of the school curriculum is that people will feel that they are obliged to do community service and this will cause many students to take part in many activities so as to beef up their portfolios. Hence, all applicants, for example, at a particular company will have the exact same portfolios, all replicas of the other. If such a scenario occurs, how in the world are companies able to handpick and develop people who are truly capable and efficient workers? There is a chance that companies accidentally hire people who are churlish and truculent but what can we blame except this education system. This is especially disadvantageous to major companies that have many global sectors. Therefore, we need to remove community service from the school curriculum so that we can truly see who are worthy to be hired by a company. Next, the removal of community service from the school curriculum also means that in community service projects, people who truly wish to help the needy will be working together, giving rise to more successful projects. Without community service as part of the school curriculum, those who wish to give a helping hand and those who want to help from the bottom of their heart will be able to band together without the problem of people participating in community projects for the sake of getti ng ViA hours. These two groups of people have very differing goals and visions but by removing community service from the curriculum, such apathetic pupils will not be a burden to the community service industry. Instead, there is a higher likelihood of success in this sector with the increase in productivity, enhancement of teamwork and the sense of camaraderie within these teams working together for a common purpose. Furthermore, apathetic souls could  also lead a happier life without the â€Å"hassle† of community service bugging their minds. It is basically killing two birds with one stone! Lastly, many people think that by removing community service from the school curriculum, the amount of help given to the needy will drop drastically. However, this is definitely not so. By taking away community service from the school curriculum, we are also taking away those with apathetic mindsets. This means that there is a stronger circle of helpers for the needy. Hence, there will be more freedom in expressing ways to give a hand for the various needy communities. This means that people will not restrain their thoughts and ideas but instead, share it with others for them to improve and create. Thus, the visions that people have are very likely to turn to reality and with successive projects; there is a higher chance for a rapid in flow of ideas, giving rise to even more projects targeted for the less fortunate. This means an increase in the amount of help given and not a drop. After all that has been said and done, I strongly encourage that community service is rid off from the school curriculum. I believe that it can do wonders for our world and change it for the better. With better individuals with a morally upright character, they can influence others to follow suit and the acts of iniquity around our country may decrease significantly. Honestly, what more could we ask for?

Free Hamlet Essays: The Foils :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Foils of Hamlet  Ã‚   Hamlet is a play about a young man who is seeking revenge for his father's death. In the process of doing so, different things happen and it becomes more and more of a complex plot. Throughout the play, we are introduced to many different foils. One of which is Laertes. Shakespeare chooses to portray Hamlet and Laertes differently although they are both so similar. Hamlet and Laertes are all in basically the same position. Both of their fathers have been killed and they are both looking to avenge those fathers' deaths. However, we see when we are reading that some characters are set up so that they gain more sympathy and such than others from the reader. For example, Shakespeare makes Laertes look like a "bad guy" because he wants to kill Hamlet but in essence, Hamlet is doing the same exact thing to Claudius. It is as if Shakespeare is saying that it is okay for Hamlet to kill but it isn't ok for Laertes to feel the need for revenge. Hamlet begins a soliloquy with the line, "How all occasions do inform against me and spur my dull revenge!" (Act IV, sc. IV, li. 32-33) It is like Shakespeare is trying to make it look like it is such a shame the Hamlet's plans aren't working out so well and that he isn't as stable as he wants to be. It is almost like Shakespeare wants to reader to take pity on Hamlet who is not such a genuine person. He has killed Polonius and some say he has killed Ophelia. Should people really pity him because his plans to kill his uncle aren't falling correctly into place? Shakespeare is almost trying to get the reader to do so. On the other hand, there is Laertes who is Hamlet's position. His father was killed, actually by Hamlet, and he is out to avenge that death. He is furious and passionate about it just like Hamlet is but it almost seems that when one is reading the play, they should think of Laertes as a "bad guy" and as the antagonist. Laertes says "It warms the very sickness in my heart that I shall live and tell him to his teeth, "thus did'st thou." (Act. IV sc.VII. li. 55-57) He is basically saying that he would make him so happy to kill Hamlet and to show his what he really did.

Character Analysis of the Glass Menagerie

Tom’s double role in The Glass Menagerie—as a character whose recollections the play documents and as a character who acts within those recollections—underlines the play’s tension between objectively presented dramatic truth and memory’s distortion of truth. Unlike the other characters, Tom sometimes addresses the audience directly, seeking to provide a more detached explanation and assessment of what has been happening onstage. But at the same time, he demonstrates real and sometimes juvenile emotions as he takes part in the play’s action. This duality can frustrate our understanding of Tom, as it is hard to decide whether he is a character whose assessments should be trusted or one who allows his emotions to affect his judgment. It also shows how the nature of recollection is itself problematic: memory often involves confronting a past in which one was less virtuous than one is now. Because The Glass Menagerie is partly autobiographical, and because Tom is a stand-in for the playwright himself (Williams’s given name was Thomas, and he, like Tom, spent part of his youth in St. Louis with an unstable mother and sister, his father absent much of the time), we can apply this comment on the nature of memory to Williams’s memories of his own youth. Even taken as a single character, Tom is full of contradiction. On the one hand, he reads literature, writes poetry, and dreams of escape, adventure, and higher things. On the other hand, he seems inextricably bound to the squalid, petty world of the Wingfield household. We know that he reads D. H. Lawrence and follows political developments in Europe, but the content of his intellectual life is otherwise hard to discern. We have no idea of Tom’s opinion on Lawrence, nor do we have any indication of what Tom’s poetry is about. All we learn is what he thinks about his mother, his sister, and his warehouse job—precisely the things from which he claims he wants to escape. Tom’s attitude toward Amanda and Laura has puzzled critics. Even though he clearly cares for them, he is frequently indifferent and even cruel toward them. His speech at the close of the play demonstrates his strong feelings for Laura. But he cruelly deserts her and Amanda, and not once in the course of the play does he behave kindly or lovingly toward Laura—not even when he nocks down her glass menagerie. Critics have suggested that Tom’s confusing behavior indicates an incestuous attraction toward his sister and his shame over that attraction. This theory casts an interesting light on certain moments of the play—for example, when Amanda and Tom discuss Laura at the end of Scene Five. Tom’s insistence that Laura is hopelessly peculiar and cannot survive in the outside world, while Amanda (and later Jim) claims that Laura’s oddness is a positive thing, could have as much to do with his jealous desire to keep his sister to himself as with Laura’s own quirks. Amanda Wingfield If there is a signature character type that marks Tennessee Williams’s dramatic work, it is undeniably that of the faded Southern belle. Amanda is a clear representative of this type. In general, a Tennessee Williams faded belle is from a prominent Southern family, has received a traditional upbringing, and has suffered a reversal of economic and social fortune at some point in her life. Like Amanda, these women all have a hard time coming to terms with their new status in society—and indeed, with modern society in general, which disregards the social distinctions that they were taught to value. Their relationships with men and their families are turbulent, and they staunchly defend the values of their past. As with Amanda, their maintenance of genteel manners in very ungenteel surroundings can appear tragic, comic, or downright grotesque. Amanda is the play’s most extroverted and theatrical character, and one of modern American drama’s most coveted female roles (the acclaimed stage actress Laurette Taylor came out of semi-retirement to play the role in the original production, and a number of legendary actresses, including Jessica Tandy, have since taken on the role). Amanda’s constant nagging of Tom and her refusal to see Laura for who she really is are certainly reprehensible, but Amanda also reveals a willingness to sacrifice for her loved ones that is in many ways unparalleled in the play. She subjects herself to the humiliating drudgery of subscription sales in order to enhance Laura’s marriage prospects, without ever uttering so much as a word of complaint. The safest conclusion to draw is that Amanda is not evil but is deeply flawed. In fact, her flaws are centrally responsible for the tragedy, comedy, and theatrical flair of her character. Like her children, Amanda withdraws from reality into fantasy. Unlike them, she is convinced that she is not doing so and, consequently, is constantly making efforts to engage with people and the world outside her family. Amanda’s monologues to her children, on the phone, and to Jim all reflect quite clearly her moral and psychological failings, but they are also some of the most colorful and unforgettable words in the play. Laura Wingfield The physically and emotionally crippled Laura is the only character in the play who never does anything to hurt anyone else. Despite the weight of her own problems, she displays a pure compassion—as with the tears she sheds over Tom’s unhappiness, described by Amanda in Scene Four—that stands in stark contrast to the selfishness and grudging sacrifices that characterize the Wingfield household. Laura also has the fewest lines in the play, which contributes to her aura of selflessness. Yet she is the axis around which the plot turns, and the most prominent symbols—blue roses, the glass unicorn, the entire glass menagerie—all in some sense represent her. Laura is as rare and peculiar as a blue rose or a unicorn, and she is as delicate as a glass figurine. Other characters seem to assume that, like a piece of transparent glass, which is colorless until light shines upon it, Laura can take on whatever color they wish. Thus, Amanda both uses the contrast between herself and Laura to emphasize the glamour of her own youth and to fuel her hope of re-creating that youth through Laura. Tom and Jim both see Laura as an exotic creature, completely and rather quaintly foreign to the rest of the world. Yet Laura’s crush on the high school hero, Jim, is a rather ordinary schoolgirl sentiment, and a girl as supposedly fragile as Laura could hardly handle the days she spends walking the streets in the cold to avoid going to typing class. Through actions like these, Laura repeatedly displays a will of her own that defies others’ perceptions of her, and this will repeatedly goes unacknowledged.

An Accurate Representation Of Australian Identity

Making an accurate representation of Australian identity will forever be a difficult task with the vast range of lifestyles its people live. However, this concept is challenged and has developed into an obsession. (ConvictCreations, 2000) This is because of the many age groups, class divisions, differences in location and cultural diversity. Since the introduction of television, producers have made humorous and witty shows, interpreting and critiquing the Australian Identity. This critique is referred to as ‘satire’ and is made apparent mostly in television shows such as Chris Lilley’s 2005, hit mockumentary series, We Can be Heroes. The internationally acclaimed show satirises the ‘faults’ in Australian identity while also providing humorous entertainment. In the short, six episode series, a variety of satirised elements are unmistakable. Characters have been developed to represent the many levels of class division in our society. Enhancing the defin ition of such classes is the differences in use of language and knowledge between the characters – an effective tool to categorise the differences in our society. The characters featuring in We Can be Heroes have been carefully constructed and utilise humour to deliver an impression of the complex concept of class division in Australia. From the first episode, class division becomes apparent as three separate storylines are introduced. Pat and Terry Mullins are a lower middle class couple living in the outer suburbs. TheyShow MoreRelatedMulticulturalism : The Emerging And Ever Changing Concept Of Multiculturalism1981 Words   |  8 Pagesbackground, people of colour, or people of all cultures regardless of race† (5) The Australian Government Department of Social Services defines it as a â€Å"term which describes the cultural and ethnic diversity of contemporary Australia,† as well as detailing it as an integral part of Australian society (13). 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