Rhematoid Arthritis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rhematoid Arthritis - Essay Example Besides, the lining of the tissue joint can become thicker and thicker, and may wear away surrounding ligaments, cartilage and bone as it spreads. One of the structures that get severely damaged is the synovium in the joint. It becomes inflamed and causes swelling and pain. The main characteristic and the one that differentiates rheumatoid arthritis from osteoarthritis is that it usually occurs in a symmetrical pattern, in the sense that if one knee or hand has it, the other one also have it. This disease is a systemic disease that often affects extra-articular tissues all through the body including the skin, blood vessels, heart, lungs, and muscles. Studies show that about 60% of rheumatoid arthritis patients are unable to work 10 years after the onset of their disease (Wikipedia, n. pag, 2007). The epidemiological studies show that the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis occurs in 3 persons in a population of 10,000 every year. While the onset of this disease is very uncommen under the are of 15 it increases with age until the age of 80. Among men and women, women is affected three to five times as often as men. It is also estimated that the prevalence of the disease is 4 times more common in smokers than non-smokers (Wikipedia, n. pag, 2007). Though several studies have been conducted around the world to pinpoint the causes of rheumatoid arthritis, none of them are successful. ... pag). Some of the researchers link this disease to genetics. They believe that the tendency to develop rheumatoid arthritis may be inherited genetically. It is strongly associated with the inherited tissue type Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen HLA-DR4 and hence provide a strong link with family history (Wikipedia, n. pag, 2007). The disease results in a progressive degeneration. However the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis are sometimes severe and sometimes absent. It generally varies with the inflammation of the tissues. The disease is in the active mode and is painful when the body tissues are inflamed. The disease goes into the inactive mode when tissue inflammation subsides. In general when the patient takes the treatment the pain and inflammation reduces and these conditions may last for weeks, months, or years. During remissions, symptoms of the disease disappear, and patients usually feel well. But when the disease becomes active again (relapse), symptoms return as usu al and sometimes the pain may be severe. In fact each patient has a unique pattern in which the disease presents. Some of the common observation regarding the symptoms of the disease when it is in the active mode includes fatigue, lack of appetite, low grade fever, muscle and joint aches, and stiffness. Muscle and joint stiffness are typically most prominent in the morning and after periods of inactivity. In rheumatoid arthritis, multiple joints are commonly inflamed in a symmetrical pattern. In severe cases chronic inflammation may result in damage of body tissues, cartilage and bone, which in turn leads to a loss of cartilage, erosion and weakness of the bones as well as the muscles. Ultimately it results in joint deformity, destruction, and loss of function. The systemic

Morality and the Culture People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Morality and the Culture People - Essay Example Morality that is relative to culture has liberal implications for ethics, and as result it is a very significant topic, and the opinion on moral cultural relativism is virtually important.   This is a very practical impact of philosophical argument on the society, and not just selectively, but as a whole. Proponents of this argument normally point out that different cultures are built on different moral beliefs, and that morality is just a result of specific culture.  Moral absolutism is clearly the contrast to moral relativism, and in this argument, the proponents point out that moral cultural relativism is flexible. The former assert that there are exceptions to any moral codes, and in situations such as theft, lying and others can be morally justified, however, when the moral absolutism do not exist, then moral cultural relativism is true. Tolerance perspectives often validates this claim, and it suggests that only moral cultural relativism is consistent with the notion that p eople should tolerant of others that do not share similar opinions, especially people from a different cultural background. People from different cultural background must not consider that their own culture is morally more superior to the other cultures, and this is the foundational belief amongst the relativists. Moral Superiority Obviously, the arguments in favor of moral cultural relativity must not be taken as the gospel truth, rather, as the other side of the coin in the argument. Therefore, Criticisms of it constitute the other side of the coin.

Corporate Accountability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate Accountability - Essay Example This is because a well governed organisation is visualised to be effective by stakeholders and thus initiates greater investment from them in the business. Often a management structure is used by organisations for conducting their operations. The concept is used as a framework of policies with the objective of protecting outside stakeholders’ investment in the organisation. Corporate governance is used by large organisations for generating a system of balances and checks. It provides the assurance that overextending of company’s resources is not generated by any individuals or departments. In other words, corporate governance helps in preventing both frauds and abuse from employees (Vitez, 2010). In this research paper, the various dimensions of corporate governance policy frameworks will be discussed with reference to followed principles in the UK and the US. ... ollow a market-based approach that provides flexibility to the companies in organising and exercising their responsibilities, while simultaneously ensuring their shareholders proper accountability. The accountability is maintained in the UK through â€Å"Combined Code on Corporate Governance† that works on the basis of ‘comply or explain’. This approach makes the judgments easy that is to be presented case after case. This form is supported by investors, companies and regulators in the UK and has been adopted in other financial markets as a model. The approaches in the UK towards corporate governance provide high standards combined with relatively lower costs of association. The board of the UK corporate governance presents assessment of position of the company and provides accountability for maintaining sound internal control system. The board is responsible for maintaining shareholders’ contact for understanding their concerns and opinions (Financial Repo rting Council, 2006). The code of the UK corporate governance consists of five main sections, namely, leadership, effectiveness, accountability, remuneration and relations with shareholders. With respect to leadership, companies are initiated to be lead by an effective board consisting of both executive as well as non-executive directors. In complying with the code ‘effectiveness’, companies should have an exact balance of experience, knowledge and skills. For pertaining to accountability, there should be proper assessment of the prospects and position of the companies. In case of remuneration, the payments of directors should be sufficient enough for attracting qualified candidates and lastly, the companies should bear a dialogue with shareholders on the basis of mutual understanding about its objectives

Vinegar Tom by Carly churchill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Vinegar Tom by Carly churchill - Essay Example , while Jack, the neighboring farmer of Alice and her mother Joan is continuously fantasizing about Alice, Alice on the other hand is able to engage in promiscuity without any feelings being attached, as characterized by the opening song of the play that goes "A devils woman is never satisfied", to indicate the power of women to engage in sexual relations with men, without attached feelings1. This is where the men in this society have been overcome by the women power of sexuality, and without any other way to defeat them; the men have turned into witch hunting. Therefore, four of the women in the play are accused of witchcraft, starting with Alice, then Joan who is her mother, and then Ellen the midwife for assisting abortion, and Susan who aborts2. Even Betty, the fifth woman in the play is also accused of being mad or ill, simply because she does not want to marry3. All these has been done by men, out of their frustration on being unable to control the power of sexuality in the wom en, even though women are less powerful than those men in terms of

THE EVOLUTION OF DRUG RESISTANCE IN VIRUSES AND BACTERIA Essay

THE EVOLUTION OF DRUG RESISTANCE IN VIRUSES AND BACTERIA - Essay Example The resultant nature of upcoming bacteria and viruses leads to drug tolerance. In most cases, pathogens acquire newer forms and abilities of resistance through evolution. In a broad sense, the pathogens acquire a stronger resistance against drugs and thus, repel any upcoming drugs, making them ineffective. The development of drug resistance specifically stems from drugs that aim at eradicating specific viral and bacterial proteins. Since such drugs are mainly specific to given viruses and bacteria, any mutation in such pathogens interferes with its destructive nature, which results in drug resistance. As the drugs become more developed, the viruses and bacteria mutate to acquire protective qualities that are commensurate to the strength of the developed drugs. With this in mind, the innate capacity of bacteria and viruses to evolve to such an extent of outpacing upcoming drugs suggests that stakeholders in the medical field should work towards achieving long-term and viable anti-microbial therapies that will evolve with the pathogens’ ability to adapt t o the situation. A succinct analysis of Bryskier (2005), reveals that antibiotics are composed of natural secretions by fungi and bacteria that aim at engulfing and killing other bacteria that are pose competition over limited nutrients. The drugs used in treating diseases in the contemporary originate from such secretions. Professionals in the medical field remain alarmed by the discovery that some viruses and bacteria have developed resistance to drugs, and further evolved through mutations or DNA alterations. Based on information outlined by Fisher and Mobashery (2010), rresidential areas and health facilities act as proper breeding grounds for drug resistant qualities of bacteria and viruses. Such bacteria flourish in an environment dominated by people with ailments and whose immune systems are

Corporate social responsibility and customer satisfaction in the Dissertation

Corporate social responsibility and customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry - Dissertation Example Business operations matching with the sustainability standards has turn out to be a significant issue for organizations and their stakeholders on a global level and is today the part of conventional business framework. Well-known as CSR, the concept requires a principled and dependable position in business operations to take account of the community’s well-being. Idea for a novel trade framework combining the ethics and business, lucidity, the surrounding, stakeholders and society are now widespread, needing dialog between society, government regulators and businesses. The significance of CSR within the travel and tourism sector has grown, especially, in the prevailing years along with the ecological issues of climate change, depletion of natural resources, degradation, fair trade, and human rights issues (Sheldon and Sun-Young, 2011).From the present study the tourism sector can gain relevant insight about the latest trends of the hospitality industry and thus they can formul ate their upcoming strategies keeping in mind the needs and wants of the consumers. On the other hand the consumers who wish to avail such services can get to know about the corporate social responsibility of this sector and can also get access to other relevant information. Moreover this study would prove to be helpful for the stakeholders related to the industry who will get an idea about the future prospect of the industry and accordingly they would plan their investments into the sector. Research Aim The main aim of the current study is to explore the significance of Corporate Social Responsibility within the industry. Research Objectives The various objectives of the study are listed below- 1. To explore the impact of CSR on hospitality organizations and customer satisfaction 2. To analyse how hotel uses the CSR as a marketing tool 3. To investigate the barriers to CSR in hotels 4. To suggest recommendations for hotels regarding their CSR practices Initial Review of Relevant Li terature Definition of CSR The term Corporate Social Responsibility represents a management notion whereby the firms combine the environmental and social aspects within their business activities and dealings with their shareholders and investors. It implies a scenario by the means of which the firm gains a balance between the environmental, social and economic necessity whilst at the same time meets the expectations of the stakeholders and shareholders (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, n.d.). The concept has received growing attention during the earlier decades, both amongst the academic fiction and practioners. The initial focus of the firms was on the â€Å"social† duties and responsibilities for instance community based programs, paying fair salary to the employees. However a recent inclusion to this concept is the responsibility towards the environment for instance the elimination of the carbon-dioxide emissions from the surrounding. The concept of â₠¬Å"environmental CSR† has become an essential area of CSR and acts as an extremely important element in the corporate world (FLAMMER, 2013). According to the

Drug Use in Sports Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Drug Use in Sports - Research Paper Example Performance-enhancing drugs may come in the form of dietary supplements, prescripted medication, or illegal drugs (Gomez, 2005). Among the common ergogenic drugs use for to enhance athletic performances includes anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) a.k.a. â€Å"Dianabol† – commonly used to improve the physical structure of athletes’ body, steroid precursors like the androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone, creatine, ephedra or ephedrine alkaloids a.k.a â€Å"ma huang†, erythropoietin, and growth hormones among others (Wiefferink et al., 2008; Calfee & Fadale, 2006; Dhar et al., 2005; Gomez, 2005; McDevitt, 2003). These drugs are available in the market in oral or injectable form. Since a lot of our young athletes desire to improve their physical appearance and athletic abilities within the shortest possible time, a lot of them ends up being tempted to experiment with the use of ergogenic drugs (Wiefferink et al., 2008; Elliot et al., 2007; Calfee & Fadale , 2006; Gomez, 2005).The presence of ergogenic drugs can be traced through the athletes’ blood samples. Although there are medical ways that can be used in determining whether or not each of the sports athletes is taking ergogenic drugs, several authors explained that some athletes are aware on how they can receive a negative drug testing test after taking these drugs (Calfee & Fadale, 2006; Gomez, 2005). In line with this, Calfee & Fadale (2006) explained that it is difficult to detect the presence of steroids substances days before the Olympic game in case the athletes have taken the steroids during the off-season.